رهپویه هنرهای تجسمی

رهپویه هنرهای تجسمی

مطالعه‌ای بر عکس‌های صحنه‌پردازی شده‌ی گوهر دشتی با تکیه بر نشانه‌شناسی اجتماعی تصویر کِرس و لیوون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دکترای تخصصی فلسفه هنر، دانشکده‌ی حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
2 کارشناسی ارشد عکاسی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه سوره، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/ra.2026.2021940.1430
چکیده
نشانه شناسی اجتماعی، معنا را در رسانه‌های ارتباطی از دیدگاه اجتماعی بررسی می‌کند. نشانه‌شناسی اجتماعی، با این فرض ایجاد شده که نشانه‌ها همواره باید در زمینه‌ی روابط و فرآیندهای اجتماعی مطالعه شوند. این مقاله با این هدف نوشته شده که کارهای عکاسی گوهر دشتی را مورد بررسی قرار دهد و این کار را با روش نشانه شناسی اجتماعی‌ای انجام داده که نظریه‌پردازان نشانه‌شناسی اجتماعی تصویر با نام‌های گونتر کِرس و تئو ون لیوون پیشنهاد داده‌اند. این پژوهش، پژوهشی کیفی است که به شیوه‌ی توصیفی تحلیلی و با استفاده از داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای انجام گرفته است. جامعه‌ی آماری این پژوهش، عکس‌های صحنه پردازی شده گوهر دشتی است و جامعه نمونه، به‌صورت انتخابی شامل تجزیه‌وتحلیل کیفی 5 نمونه بود. نویسندگان این مقاله تلاش کرده‌اند از برخی اصول و مبانی نظری در روش نشانه‌شناسی اجتماعی عکس در دیدگاه‌های کرس و لیوون بهره گیرند. به این ترتیب نویسندگان با استفاده از یک روش نظام مند نشان داده‌اند که معنا با چه روندی از نشانه‌های موجود در عکس‌های صحنه‌پردازی شده‌ی گوهر دشتی به دست آمدنی است. نتایج نشان داد که گوهر دشتی عکاسی است که به واسطه‌ی صحنه-پردازی در عکس‌هایش صحنه‌هایی معنادار از منظر نشانه‌شناسی خلق کرده‌است. عکاس با استفاده از ساختارهای روایتی و مفهومی، زندگی پس از جنگ را در سطح معنای بازنمودی، بازتولید کرده است. در اکثر فریم‌‌بندی‌های عکاس شاهد حضور کنشگران انسانی هستیم. همچنین گرچه آثار صحنه‌پردازی شده‌اند، اما با مسائل واقعی زندگی در ایران مرتبط هستند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Studying staged photos of Gohar Dashti Based on the theory of social semiotics of the image, by Kress and Leeuwen

نویسندگان English

Mohamad Hashemi 1
Zeinab Arabi 2
1 Ph.D. of Philosophy of Art, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Master Degree in photography, Faculty of Art, Sooreh University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Social semiotics deals with the social dimensions of meaning in communication media such as cinema, newspaper, photography, etc. Social semiotics has proposed many possibilities for semiotic analysis, which were created with the assumption that signs should always be placed in the context of social relations and processes. Although staged photography began in the 19th century in the works of European art photographers, its distortion by approaches such as forgery in the 20th century caused it to not be taken seriously until it took its place among various types in the late 20th century. Therefore, now and specifically, they consider the beginning of this art flow in photography from the 80s in the 20th century and They believe that today's forms of imaging, which basically transforms the nature of the photographed reality in a complex way, are influenced by this form of imaging in the late 20th century, with the methods of combining multiple media, the use of various artistic skills, And the use of topics that target contemporary culture and society more than anything has a significant closeness. Semiotics is a science whose goal is to recognize and analyze signs and symbols, whether they are in the form of spoken or written language or those that have non-linguistic forms, including physiological signs, biological signs, Semantic systems, value systems, symbolic signs, various worldviews and even all forms of movement, state, situation, conscious or unconscious, tactical, strategic, thought or not and… rather than describing semiotic methods as if they have inseparable and systematizable properties or inherent laws, Social semiotics focuses on how people use semiotic resources in different ways and degrees in the context of specific social activities and institutions. When it comes to decoding and the mechanism of producing meaning in photographs, the issue takes on more complex dimensions; Because photography is a coded media and does not reproduce the reality to which it refers. It is at this point that the importance of photo semiotics becomes apparent. In addition to the characteristic of referrer and representation, the photo also has the ability to express. Since anything that acts other than what it is, can be a sign, so the photo can be considered as a semiotic text that exposes multiple meanings to the interpretation and understanding of the audience. In this field, van Leeuwen, along with his colleague, Kress, has used the method of social semiotics in the study of the image. Theo van Leeuwen is one of the founders of the social semiotics approach in visual and multifaceted communication. Today, his social semiotic framework is used in multifaceted stylistics, which aims to describe and systematically analyze texts that, in addition to phrasing, use aspects such as typography, layout, color, and visual images to create meaning. Leeuwen and Kress believe that there are three meanings of "representational", "interactive" and "composite" in images and they believe that recovering these meanings in the image will lead the viewer to the final understanding of the image's meanings. Based on what was said, the purpose of this research is to study the staged photographs of Gohar Dashti in the context of staged photographs relying on social semiotics and based on Kress and Leeuwen's theory based on the meaning of representation, interaction and It is a combination and we are trying to answer the following questions: first, According to Theo van Leeuwen's theory, what are the characteristics of staged photos in Gohar Dashti's works? Second, What are the similarities and differences between the staged photos in Gohar Dashti's works based on Theo van Leeuwen's social semiotics? The method of descriptive-analytical research and data collection was based on qualitative studies in library resources. The statistical population of this research is the image-processed photos of Gohar Dashti, and the sample population included the qualitative analysis of 5 samples. The author tried to investigate and understand the mechanism of signs using the theoretical concepts in Kress and Leeuwen's social semiotics of the image. in the service of producing meaning as well as developing a coherent and systematic pattern for analyzing and interpreting the information in the staged photos of Gohar Dashti. The results showed that Gohar Dashti is a photographer who created meaningful scenes from the point of view of semiotics through staging her photoes. At the level of the meaning of representation, the photographer reproduced life after the war by using narrative and conceptual structures. In most of the photographer's framings, we see the presence of human actors. Also, although the works are staged, they are related to real life issues in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

staged photo
Gohar dasht
Kress and Leeuwen
social semiotics of the image

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از 28 مهر 1405

  • تاریخ دریافت 03 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 25 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 17 آبان 1404