نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
In the 7th century AD, Islam entered the land of China in a peaceful way, through the Silk Road, with a bed of traditional Chinese culture and the prevailing ideological and religious aspects of Buddhism and Taoism, as well as Confucian thoughts. As a principle, the Chinese philosophical system is always receptive to the absorption of foreign ideas with the condition of assimilation, change, adjustment and alignment with its original culture (Chineseization) and It has focused on its own strength points in order to correct and refine the shortcomings. Therefore, this influence has been accompanied in various ideological and cultural fields, including art; Islamic art has appeared in China in various fields such as Qur'an writing, metal and enamel objects, calligraphy scrolls, tombstones and mosque inscriptions, but one of the most important fields of its occurrence is porcelain and ceramics, which its peak and flourishing. is related to two dynasties, Ming and Qing; The boom in production and on the other hand, the strong and dominant presence of the different cultural and religious background of the Chinese land, have determined the effects of the above aspects on the Islamic art of the Ming and Qing eras, which will be investigated. With the aim of knowing the form and content characteristics of Islamic ceramic inscriptions as well as the types of decorative motifs, their origin and symbolic meaning, this research has studied examples during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The importance and necessity of research in revealing the formal and semantic components of inscriptions and decorative motifs of Islamic ceramics in the two historical periods of Ming and Qing in China as a land distinct from other parts of the Islamic world with a non-Islamic cultural and religious background and the dominant stream of Taoist, Buddhist and school religions Confucianism results.In the current research, in order to understand Islamic ceramics in the two historical periods mentioned, motifs and inscriptions of a number of ceramic objects have been taken into consideration. For the purpose of analyzing the themes of the calligraphic inscriptions as well as the motifs used in the decorations, their origin and symbolic meaning, the proposed questions are as follows: 1- What are the content of the inscriptions on Islamic ceramic objects of the Ming and Qing eras? 2- What motifs are used in the decoration of Islamic ceramic objects of the Ming and Qing eras, and what are their origins and symbolic meanings?The descriptive-analytical research method is used with a historical approach. The statistical population is Chinese Islamic ceramic objects in the Ming and Qing eras, and the sampling method is through the study of museums and personal collections. The number of samples is 14, including 8 samples from the Ming era and 6 samples from the Qing era; The index in the selection of samples is to consider criteria such as the coverage of all types of ceramics with existing applications and forms, as well as the presence of sufficient images of the samples for the reading of the inscriptions by the authors, or the existence of the original text (and not the English equivalent) or Chinese inscriptions.The way of working in this research is that the samples are classified and introduced in two tables based on the time period of the Qing and Ming eras, and at the same time, its decorative motifs are described and the inscriptions are read along with their meanings and themes are done. Then the inscriptions and motifs are analyzed separately. The method of data analysis is qualitative.The importance and necessity of research in revealing the formal and semantic components of inscriptions and decorative motifs of Islamic ceramics in the two historical periods of Ming and Qing in China as a land distinct from other parts of the Islamic world with a non-Islamic cultural and religious background and the dominant stream of Taoist, Buddhist and school religions Confucianism results.The results of this research indicate that the inscriptions on these objects are in Arabic and Persian, with Chinese script, and express the principles of monotheism and prophecy, praise and expression of God's attributes, prayers, short instructive sentences, and also express the function of the desired object. Also, the motifs used in decorations mainly include plant motifs, elements of nature, geometric shapes and key and cover patterns with the predominance of surface motifs, which are derived from Chinese traditions, especially the religions of Taoism, Buddhism and Confucian teachings, and meanings such as immortality. , long life, immortality, abundance of blessings, fertility, love, male and female sexual forces, strength, purity, happiness, comfort and well-being, good fortune, success and victory, knowledge and wisdom, balance and perfection and include all four seasons. Inscriptions are the only elements that give Islamic identity to these objects.
کلیدواژهها English